劳动力市场竞争与移民的同化
Labor Market Competition and the Assimilation of Immigrants
American Economic Review · 2026 · [{"name": "Christoph Albert", "affiliation": ["Collegio Carlo Alberto"]}, {"name": "Albrecht Glitz", "affiliation": ["Universitat Pompeu Fabra"]}, {"name": "Joan Llull", "affiliation": ["Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica"]}]
中文摘要
本文表明，移民的工资同化是个体技能积累与动态劳动力市场均衡效应之间错综复杂的相互作用的结果。当移民与本地劳动者并非完全替代时，移民流入的增加会扩大二者之间的工资差距。基于一个劳动者同时供给通用技能与东道国特定技能的生产函数框架，我们表明，这一劳动力市场竞争渠道解释了自 20 世纪 60 年代以来美国不同到达队列间平均移民—本地劳动者工资差距大幅上升的约五分之一。研究结果进一步揭示，不同移民群体之间存在相当大的异质性。（JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J61, K37, O33）
Abstract
This paper shows that the wage assimilation of immigrants is the result of the intricate interplay between individual skill accumulation and dynamic labor market equilibrium effects. When immigrants and natives are imperfect substitutes, rising immigrant inflows widen the wage gap between them. Using a production function framework in which workers supply both general and host-country-specific skills, we show that this labor market competition channel explains about one-fifth of the large increase in the average immigrant–native wage gap across arrival cohorts in the United States since the 1960s. The results further reveal substantial heterogeneity across different groups of immigrants. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J61, K37, O33)