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最低工资、低工资劳动者与不完全执法下的合规

Minimum wages, low-wage workers, and compliance under imperfect enforcement
Journal of Development Economics · 2026 · Nicolás González-Pampillón、Javier Vázquez-Grenno

中文摘要

本文考察乌拉圭——一个中等收入发展中经济体——大幅提高最低工资对劳动力市场结果的影响。利用行政数据和双重差分方法,我们研究了2005年一项在一年内将实际最低工资提高80%的改革的效果。我们发现,低工资劳动者的工资获得了大幅且持续的增长,而就业或工作时长均未受到统计显著影响。除劳动力市场结果外,我们还记录了对法定最低工资标准的遵从度出现了暂时性下降,这一现象在小型企业中尤为明显,随后执法力度逐步增强。总体而言,我们的结果凸显了执法能力和制度特征如何塑造发展中经济体最低工资改革的效果。

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of a substantial minimum wage increase in Uruguay — a middle-income developing economy — on labor market outcomes. Using administrative data and a difference-in-differences approach, we study the effects of a 2005 reform that raised the real minimum wage by 80 percent within a year. We find large and persistent wage gains for low-paid workers, with no statistically significant effects on employment or hours worked. Beyond labor market outcomes, we document a temporary decline in compliance with the statutory wage floor, particularly among smaller firms, followed by a gradual strengthening of enforcement. Overall, our results highlight how enforcement capacity and institutional features shape the effects of minimum wage reforms in developing economies.
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