生育政策放宽对性别工资差距的影响

中文摘要

本文研究生育政策放宽对性别工资差距的即时影响。我们考察了2013年中国放宽独生子女政策的一项政策冲击。利用雇主—雇员匹配的行政数据，我们发现，政策冲击后，新入职女性的工资相对于新入职男性的工资下降了2.7%，相当于数据中的性别工资差距扩大了47%。这一效应在35岁以下的新入职女性中更为明显，意味着工资下降与对女性生育率上升的担忧有关。

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we study the immediate impact of fertility relaxation on the gender wage gap. We explore a 2013 policy shock that relaxed the One-Child Policy in China. Using an employer-employee matched administrative data, we show that after the policy shock, the salary of female new hires is reduced by 2.7% relative to the salary of male new hires, equivalent to a 47% increase in the gender wage gap in the data. The effect is more pronounced for female new hires aged below 35, implying the salary reduction is related to concerns about the increasing fertility of females.