American Economic Review · 2022 · Chen Yeh、Claudia Macaluso、Brad J. Hershbein
中文摘要
本文量化了美国制造业中的雇主市场势力及其随时间的变化。利用行政数据，我们估计了工厂层面的工资折减比率（markdown），即工厂的劳动边际收益产品与其工资之比。我们发现，大多数制造业工厂在买方垄断环境下经营，平均工资折减比率为1.53，这意味着工人每创造一美元边际收入，仅获得其中的65美分。为考察整个制造业的长期趋势，我们提出了一种新的、有理论依据的总体工资折减比率测度。我们发现，该比率在20世纪70年代末至21世纪初期间下降，但此后一直急剧上升。（JEL J24, J31, J38, J42, L13, L60）
Abstract
This paper quantifies employer market power in US manufacturing and how it has changed over time. Using administrative data, we estimate plant-level markdowns—the ratio between a plant’s marginal revenue product of labor and its wage. We find most manufacturing plants operate in a monopsonistic environment, with an average markdown of 1.53, implying a worker earning only 65 cents on the marginal dollar generated. To investigate long-term trends for the entire sector, we propose a novel, theoretically grounded measure for the aggregate markdown. We find that it decreased between the late 1970s and the early 2000s, but has been sharply increasing since. (JEL J24, J31, J38, J42, L13, L60)