要素市场失灵与卢旺达灌溉技术的采用

中文摘要

要素市场失灵可能限制有利可图的技术的采用。我们以农户可免费获得灌溉用水的情境为背景，采用地块层面的空间断点回归设计开展研究。使用灌溉使利润提高43%–62%。然而，由于劳动力成本，农户仅对30%的地块进行灌溉。我们发现，农户在一个地块上进行灌溉时，会减少对其他地块的灌溉使用，由此证明灌溉使用存在无效率。这种无效率在人口规模较小的家庭和较富裕的家庭中最为突出，表明劳动力市场摩擦制约了灌溉的使用。（JEL：D24、O13、Q12、Q15、Q16）

Abstract

Factor market failures can limit adoption of profitable technologies. We leverage a plot-level spatial regression discontinuity design in the context of irrigation use by farmers provided free access to water. Using irrigation boosts profits by 43–62 percent. Yet, farmers only irrigate 30 percent of plots because of labor costs. We demonstrate inefficient irrigation use, by showing farmers irrigating one plot reduce their irrigation use on other plots. This inefficiency is largest for smaller households and wealthier households, suggesting labor market frictions constrain use of irrigation. (JEL D24, O13, Q12, Q15, Q16)