Journal of Economic Literature · 2022 · Sergei M. Guriev、Elias Papaioannou
中文摘要
我们综述了关于民粹主义近期兴起的文献。首先，我们讨论相关定义，并呈现近期对民粹主义者的支持度上升的描述性证据。第二，我们回顾自19世纪末以来民粹主义政权的历史演变。第三，我们讨论与跨境贸易和自动化相关的长期经济因素的作用。第四，我们回顾关于2008—2009年全球金融危机及随后紧缩政策作用的研究，将这些研究与涵盖大萧条的历史研究相联系，并讨论可能的机制。第五，我们讨论关于身份政治、信任和文化反弹的研究。第六，我们讨论移民增加和近期难民危机带来的经济与文化后果。我们还讨论有关移民的认知与现实之间的差距。第七，我们回顾关于互联网和社交媒体影响的研究。第八，我们讨论关于民粹主义近期兴起所带来影响的文献。最后，我们概述进一步研究的方向。
Abstract
We synthesize the literature on the recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and present descriptive evidence on the recent increase in support for populists. Second, we cover the historical evolution of populist regimes since the late nineteenth century. Third, we discuss the role of secular economic factors related to cross-border trade and automation. Fourth, we review studies on the role of the 2008–09 global financial crisis and subsequent austerity, connect them to historical work covering the Great Depression, and discuss likely mechanisms. Fifth, we discuss studies on identity politics, trust, and cultural backlash. Sixth, we discuss economic and cultural consequences of growth in immigration and the recent refugee crisis. We also discuss the gap between perceptions and reality regarding immigration. Seventh, we review studies on the impact of the internet and social media. Eighth, we discuss the literature on the implications of populism’s recent rise. We conclude outlining avenues for further research. (JEL D72, E32, G01, J15, N30, N40, Z13)