Journal of Development Economics · 2026 · [{"name": "Fernanda Rojas-Ampuero", "affiliation": ["University of Wisconsin–Madison"]}]
中文摘要
本文利用智利2011年实施的一项将产假从84天延长至168天的改革, 考察延长产假对女性劳动力市场结果的短期和中期影响。我将休假申请的行政数据与雇主—雇员匹配数据相结合, 估计延长产假对女性产后七年就业和工资的影响。结果表明, 与不符合资格的劳动者相比, 符合资格的女性将产假延长了79天, 并减少了对其他病假申请的使用。她们在生育后最长三年内更有可能处于正式就业状态, 且对收入没有负面影响。正向就业效应由生育前劳动力市场依附度较低的女性所驱动, 这部分女性在中期经历了离职率的下降, 并且以无固定期限(永久)合同就业的可能性上升。这些结果表明, 更长的产假通过帮助母亲留在正式劳动力市场而激励了就业。
Abstract
This paper examines the short- and medium-term effects of extending maternity leave on women’s labor market outcomes, exploiting a reform implemented in Chile in 2011 that increased maternity leave from 84 to 168 days. I combine administrative data on leave claims with employer–employee data to estimate the effect of longer leave on women’s employment and wages seven years after childbirth. The results show that, compared to ineligible workers, eligible women extend their maternity leave by 79 days and reduce their use of other sick leave claims. They are more likely to be formally employed for up to three years after giving birth, with no negative effects on earnings. The positive employment effects are driven by women with low labor market attachment prior to giving birth, who experience a reduction in separation rates and an increased likelihood of working under a permanent contract in the medium term. These results suggest that a longer leave incentivizes employment by helping mothers remain in the formal labor market.