这里、那里、无处不在：远程工作对英国就业的影响

中文摘要

远程工作常被宣传为帮助残疾劳动者和年长劳动者留在劳动力市场的一种途径。新冠疫情后，英国远程工作的普及率有所上升。参照Bloom等人（2026）的研究，我们利用疫情引发的居家办公率上升作为准实验，检验远程工作对这两个群体就业的影响。我们比较居家办公（WFH）增长率较高与较低的职业，其中增长率是在非残疾或较年轻劳动者中测量的。随后，我们使用Dingle和Neiman（2020）的疫情前远程工作得分作为工具变量。我们发现了显著证据，表明居家办公的增加提高了英国残疾劳动者和年长劳动者的就业水平。此外，我们发现这两个群体的通勤时间减少、工资下降，但工作小时数未受到影响。

Abstract

Remote work is often touted as a way for disabled and older workers to remain in the labour market. Post-Covid, the incidence of remote work has increased in the UK. Following Bloom et al. (2026), we test the effects of remote work on employment for these two groups using the pandemic’s increase in work from home rates as a quasi-experiment. We compare occupations with high growth in work from home (WFH) to those with lower growth in work from home, with growth rates measured among the non-disabled or younger. We then instrument using pre-pandemic remote work scores from Dingle and Neiman (2020). We find significant evidence that rising WFH increases employment of disabled and older workers in the UK. We additionally find decreases in commute time and wages for both groups, but no effect on hours worked.