中文摘要
为何职业内部存在如此大的工资不平等？为何职业内部工资不平等的总水平会上升？为何这种上升集中在认知密集型职业，而不平等在体力密集型职业中却有所下降？为回答这些问题，我们构建了一个包含异质性工人的一般均衡模型，这些工人联合供给多种技能，作为一个不可分割的技能束。这种捆绑摩擦允许给定技能在不同职业中获得不同定价。我们在美国数据中发现，技能价格的差异（而非工人构成）解释了为何职业内部不平等在更偏认知密集型的职业中更高，并解释了1980年至2010年间职业内部不平等上升的约三分之一。我们表明，认知技能生产率的均匀提升能够驱动认知密集型职业中的不平等上升，并驱动体力密集型职业中的不平等下降，正如数据中所呈现的那样。
Abstract
Why is there so much wage inequality within occupations? Why has the overall level of within-occupation wage inequality risen? Why is the rise concentrated in cognitive-intensive occupations, while inequality has fallen in manual-intensive ones? To answer these questions we develop a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous workers who supply multiple skills jointly, as an indivisible bundle. This bundling friction allows a given skill to be priced differently in different occupations. We find in US data that differences in skill prices, not worker composition, explain why within-occupation inequality is higher in more cognitively intensive occupations and account for about a third of the rise in within-occupation inequality from 1980 to 2010. We show that a uniform increase in the productivity of cognitive skill can drive inequality up in cognitive-intensive occupations and down in manual ones, just as in the data.