中文摘要
我们研究企业对员工福祉的关注如何塑造其劳动者的健康。由于这一关注无法直接观测，我们通过丹麦企业在公开披露中使用的语言对其进行测量，应用语言模型构建企业层面的福祉凸显度得分。我们将该得分与2013–2022年全民的健康与病假缺勤行政登记数据相链接，并利用劳动者在企业间的流动来估计劳动者如何对其雇主凸显度的变化作出反应。我们发现了不对称性：流向更高凸显度企业的劳动者会大幅增加病假缺勤，而其对医疗服务的使用并未改变。由于健康状况恶化会同时增加两者，缺勤反应表明这是行为改变而非健康恶化。总体而言，我们的结果表明，企业不仅塑造了劳动者的健康，还塑造了劳动者就此采取行动的方式，且常规企业披露的语言能够揭示行政数据未记录的、具有经济学意义的工作场所特征。
Abstract
We study how firms’ orientation toward employee well-being shapes the health of their workers. Because this orientation is not directly observable, we measure it from the language Danish firms use in their public disclosures, applying language models to construct a firm-level well-being salience score. We link this score to population-wide administrative registers of health and sickness absence over 2013–2022, and exploit workers’ mobility between firms to estimate how workers respond to a change in the salience of their employer. We find an asymmetry: workers who move to higher-salience firms take substantially more sickness absence, while their use of health care does not change. Because worsening health would raise both, the absence response suggests a behavioral change rather than deteriorating health. Broadly, our results show that firms shape not only worker health but how workers act on it, and that the language of routine corporate disclosure can reveal economically meaningful features of the workplace that administrative data leave unrecorded.