Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2017 · Marcella M. Alsan、Marianne Wanamaker
中文摘要
I14, O15 在长达四十年的时间里，尽管已有有效治疗手段，塔斯基吉黑人男性未治疗梅毒研究仍对数百名患有梅毒的成年黑人男性进行被动监测。该研究所采用的方法已成为医学界剥削与虐待的代名词。为识别该研究对年长黑人男性行为与健康的影响，我们采用含交互项的三重差分模型，在与研究受害者距离远近不同的情形下，比较塔斯基吉研究曝光前后年长黑人男性与其他人口群体的差异。我们发现，1972年该研究的曝光与年长黑人男性对医疗的不信任加深、死亡率上升，以及门诊和住院期间与医生的接触均减少相关。我们的估计意味着，此次曝光使黑人男性45岁时的预期寿命最多下降了1.5年，相当于1980年黑人男性与白人男性预期寿命差距的约35%，以及黑人男性与黑人女性预期寿命差距的25%。
Abstract
I14, O15 For forty years, the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male passively monitored hundreds of adult black males with syphilis despite the availability of effective treatment. The study's methods have become synonymous with exploitation and mistreatment by the medical profession. To identify the study's effects on the behavior and health of older black men, we use an interacted difference-in-difference-in-differences model, comparing older black men to other demographic groups, before and after the Tuskegee revelation, in varying proximity to the study's victims. We find that the disclosure of the study in 1972 is correlated with increases in medical mistrust and mortality and decreases in both outpatient and inpatient physician interactions for older black men. Our estimates imply life expectancy at age 45 for black men fell by up to 1.5 years in response to the disclosure, accounting for approximately 35% of the 1980 life expectancy gap between black and white men and 25% of the gap between black men and women.