传染病经济学

Journal of Economic Literature · 2025 · [{"name": "M. Christopher Auld", "affiliation": ["University of Victoria"]}, {"name": "Eli P. Fenichel", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}, {"name": "Flavio Toxvaerd", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research"]}]

中文摘要

我们综合评述经济流行病学文献。经济流行病学是一个跨学科领域，借鉴经济学的思想与方法，分析传染病流行期间的个体行为、总体疾病动态以及公共政策。我们涵盖流行期间个体行为的主要模型、相关的计量经济学证据，以及适用于分析各类传染病的疾病动态模型。我们概述了针对一系列防控措施的建模方法，包括非药物干预（如居家令、隔离与就地避难）与药物干预（如疫苗与治疗）。最后，我们刻画了不同类型的外部性与异质性，并讨论了如何通过限制与激励对政策进行定向瞄准与实施。（JEL D62, D91, H51, I12, I18）

Abstract

We synthesize the literature on economic epidemiology, the interdisciplinary field that draws on the ideas and methods of economics to analyze individual behavior, aggregate disease dynamics, and public policy during infectious disease epidemics. We cover the main models of individual behavior during epidemics, related econometric evidence, and models of disease dynamics appropriate for the analysis of a range of infectious diseases. We outline modeling approaches to a range of control measures including non-pharmaceutical interventions such as stay-at-home mandates, quarantines, and sheltering, and pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccines and treatment. Last, we characterize different types of externalities and heterogeneities and discuss the targeting and implementation of policies through restrictions and incentives. (JEL D62, D91, H51, I12, I18)