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原居安老、住房维护与反向抵押贷款

Aging in Place, Housing Maintenance, and Reverse Mortgages
Review of Economic Studies · 2019 · João F. Cocco、Paula Lopes

中文摘要

我们研究住房财富在为退休消费提供资金方面的作用。在我们的模型中,退休人员:1. 从继续居住在自己家中(原居安老)获得效用收益;2. 在每一期选择是否维护其住房。我们提供的证据表明,这些特征对于解释老年人的储蓄决策很重要。反向抵押贷款(RMs)的成本和维护要求降低了(或消除了)希望减少住房维护的退休人员从这类贷款中获得的收益。我们评估不同贷款特征对退休人员效用的影响,以及对流向贷款人和提供抵押贷款保险的政府机构的现金流的影响。我们表明,将反向抵押贷款与针对被迫出售住房风险(例如因搬入养老院而被迫售房)的保险相结合,会带来帕累托改进,并可能由于产品互补性而增加对这类贷款的需求。

Abstract

Abstract We study the role of housing wealth in financing retirement consumption. In our model retirees: 1. derive utility benefits from remaining in their home (aging in place); and 2. choose in each period whether to maintain their house. The evidence that we present shows that these features are important in explaining the saving decisions of the elderly. The costs and the maintenance requirement of reverse mortgages (RMs) reduce (or eliminate) the benefits of the loans for retirees who wish to do less maintenance. We evaluate the impact of different loan features on retirees’ utility, cash-flows to lenders, and to the government agency that provides mortgage insurance. We show that combining RMs with insurance against a forced home sale (e.g. due to a move to a nursing home) is Pareto improving and can lead to increased demand for the loans due to product complementarities.
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