学校与邻里同伴对学业成就、不良行为及成年后犯罪的影响

中文摘要

本文评估学校与邻里同伴在塑造学业成就、青少年不良行为及成年后犯罪方面的重要性。我们利用夏洛特—梅克伦堡县内的队列间差异，重点考察父母曾被逮捕的同伴的影响；父母曾被逮捕这一特征对较差的结果具有很强的独立预测力。结果表明，学校同伴中父母曾被逮捕者的比例增加5个百分点，会使学业成就降低0.016个标准差，并使成年后被捕率上升5%。进一步的证据表明，同伴效应主要由学校内的互动而非邻里内的互动驱动。

Abstract

This paper assesses the importance of school and neighborhood peers in shaping educational achievement, adolescent misbehavior, and adult crime. Using cohort variation within Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, we focus on the impact of peers whose parents have been arrested, which is strongly and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Results indicate that a 5 percentage point increase in school peers linked to parental arrest reduces educational achievement by 0.016 standard deviations and increases adult arrest rates by 5%. Additional evidence indicates that peer effects are primarily driven by interactions in schools rather than in neighborhoods.