中文摘要
本文利用两个城市中160万次911报警电话的数据，考察种族与警察使用武力的关系，这两个城市均不允许在警员派遣中行使自由裁量权。结果表明，当被派往少数族裔更多的社区时，白人警员比少数族裔警员增加的武力要多得多。估计结果表明，与白人警员以类似少数族裔警员的方式按比例增加武力的假设情形相比，黑人（西班牙裔）平民经历任何武力的可能性高出55%（75%），经历警察射击的可能性则是其五倍。此外，相对于我们的统计基准，14%的白人警员在黑人社区使用了过度武力。(JEL H76, J15, K42, R23)
Abstract
This paper examines race and police use of force using data on 1.6 million 911 calls in two cities, neither of which allows for discretion in officer dispatch. Results indicate White officers increase force much more than minority officers when dispatched to more minority neighborhoods. Estimates indicate Black (Hispanic) civilians are 55 (75) percent more likely to experience any force, and five times as likely to experience a police shooting, compared to if White officers scaled up force similarly to minority officers. Additionally, 14 percent of White officers use excess force in Black neighborhoods relative to our statistical benchmark. (JEL H76, J15, K42, R23)