Annual Review of Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Chad P. Bown", "affiliation": ["Peterson Institute for International Economics", "Centre for Economic Policy Research"]}]
中文摘要
本文综述了与世界贸易组织(WTO)相关的产业政策经济学。鉴于对现代产业政策的使用正以威胁国际贸易体系合作的方式出现的担忧,本文首先给出将产业政策与其背后的市场失灵相联系的基本历史经济学框架。随后,本文介绍了关于 WTO 所发挥作用的主流经济学理解,考察了 WTO 关于补贴(因而也涉及产业政策)的规则、对贸易体系补贴规则演变的不安、知识缺口以及重要的数据与测度不足。本文主体部分考察了现代产业政策以不同方式运作、并对贸易体系尤为重要的四个领域:中国、供应链韧性、供应链响应能力和气候变化。本文梳理了迄今为止的证据、悬而未决的问题以及经济研究可能的前进路径,以期为政策制定者在贸易与产业政策领域恢复国际经济合作的努力提供依据。
Abstract
This article surveys the economics of industrial policy as it relates to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Motivated by concern that the modern use of industrial policy is emerging in ways that threaten cooperation in the international trading system, the article begins with the basic historical economic framework for tying industrial policy to underlying market failures. It then introduces the dominant economic understanding of the role played by the WTO, examining the WTO's rules on subsidies (and thus industrial policy), the unease with the evolution of the trading system's subsidy rules, gaps in knowledge, and important data and measurement shortcomings. The main part of the article examines four areas in which modern industrial policy operates differently and has become especially important for the trading system: China, supply chain resilience, supply chain responsiveness, and climate change. The article identifies the evidence to date, open questions, and potential paths forward for economic research to help inform policymakers’ efforts to restore international economic cooperation in trade and industrial policy.