Centralized Admissions, Affirmative Action, and Access of Low-Income Students to Higher Education
中文摘要
我分析了巴西为扩大大学入学机会而引入的两项改革如何影响了低社会经济地位（SES）学生的入学情况。第一项政策在全国性平台（SISU）上集中了申请，第二项政策将平权行动配额（AA）扩大至各学位提供空缺的统一比例50%。结果表明，SISU改变了高SES学生的入学决策，将低SES群体从竞争最弱的学位中不成比例地挤出。相比之下，AA不仅在机制上增加了低SES个体的入学，还通过行为反应增加了其入学。最后，两者的交互作用产生了互补效应，保护低SES群体免受集中化带来的挤出效应。（JEL I23, I24, I28, O15）
Abstract
I analyze how two reforms, introduced to expand college access in Brazil, impacted enrollments of low-SES students. The first policy centralized applications in a nationwide platform (SISU), and the second expanded affirmative action quotas (AA) to a uniform share of 50 percent of vacancies offered by degree. Results show that SISU changes enrollment decisions of high-SES students, crowding out low-SES groups from the least competitive degrees disproportionately. In contrast, AA increases enrollments of low-SES individuals not only mechanically but also through behavioral responses. Finally, their interaction creates a complementary effect, protecting the low-SES groups from the crowding-out of centralization. (JEL I23, I24, I28, O15)