道路、竞争与非正规部门

中文摘要

我们考察了因国内市场连通性改善而带来的竞争对正规与非正规企业的影响。将一项大型基础设施投资计划下道路改善的地理定位信息与2001至2013年间埃塞俄比亚制造业企业数据相结合，我们表明竞争加剧与正规部门更高的劳动生产率、资本密集度、物质资本投资及工资相关联。相反，在非正规部门中，劳动生产率或工资未出现相关联的增加。事实上，竞争加剧导致非正规部门更低的资本密集度与投资、劳动力构成向未接受初等教育的工人转移，以及在非正规部门经营可能性的降低。我们由此强调，基础设施改善计划的收益可能不会在经济中均匀地实现。

Abstract

We examine the impact of competition from better connectivity to domestic markets on formal and informal firms. Combining geolocalized information on road improvements under a large infrastructure investment programme with data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia between 2001 and 2013, we show that an increase in competition is associated with higher labour productivity, capital-intensity, investment in physical capital and wages in the formal sector. On the contrary, there is no associated increase in labour productivity or wages in the informal sector. In fact, increased competition results in lower capital-intensity and investment, a shift in composition towards workers without primary education and a lower likelihood of operating in the informal sector. We thus highlight that the benefits of infrastructure improvement programmes may not accrue uniformly in the economy.