更快、更高、更好：交通改善与土地利用政策

中文摘要

本文研究交通改善与土地利用政策之间的相互作用。班加罗尔是印度最大的城市之一，于2011年开通了地铁系统，但其建筑高度极低，即便在地铁站附近也是如此。我们构建了一个丰富的数据集和一个定量空间模型，其中异质性工人在不同的通勤方式之间进行选择。我们发现，地铁提高了全市的产出与福利，即便在扣除成本后依然如此。然而，在以公共交通为导向的开发（TOD）——即在车站附近放宽高度限制——情形下，净收益要高出数倍。此外，TOD与地铁建设是互补性政策。

Abstract

We study the interaction between transit improvements and land use policies. Bengaluru, one of India’s largest cities, inaugurated a metro system in 2011 but has extremely low building heights, even near metro stations. We build a rich dataset and a quantitative spatial model in which heterogeneous workers choose among different commuting modes. We find that the metro increases citywide output and welfare, even net of costs. However, the net gains are several times larger with transit-oriented development (TOD), i.e., when height limits are relaxed near stations. Moreover, TOD and the construction of the metro are complementary policies.