中文摘要
本文测度了均衡状态下的超额劳动供给。我们在印度地方劳动力市场中诱致了雇佣冲击——这在外部的为期一个月的工作中雇佣了24%的劳动力。在旺季，工资瞬间上涨，地方总就业下降。在淡季，与严重的劳动配给一致，工资和总就业保持不变，对剩余工人存在正向就业溢出，表明超过四分之一的劳动供给受到配给。临时工中至少有24%的淡季自雇是因为他们找不到工作。因此，传统调查方法错误测度了劳动力市场松弛度。配给对劳动力市场分析具有广泛意涵。(JEL E24, J22, J23, J31, J64, O15, R23)
Abstract
This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the labor force in external month-long jobs—in Indian local labor markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and local aggregate employment declines. In lean months, consistent with severe labor rationing, wages and aggregate employment are unchanged, with positive employment spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter of labor supply is rationed. At least 24 percent of lean self-employment among casual workers occurs because they cannot find jobs. Consequently, traditional survey approaches mismeasure labor market slack. Rationing has broad implications for labor market analysis. (JEL E24, J22, J23, J31, J64, O15, R23)