美国梦的终结? 美国城市的不平等与隔离
The End of the American Dream? Inequality and Segregation in US Cities
Journal of Political Economy · 2025 · [{"name": "Alessandra Fogli", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Veronica Guerrieri", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Mark Ponder", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Marta Prato", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
自20世纪80年代以来, 美国既经历了收入不平等的上升, 也经历了按收入划分的居住隔离加剧。我们构建了一个包含居住选择的一般均衡模型, 其中, 由于存在影响教育回报的本地溢出效应, 隔离与不平等相互放大。我们将模型校准至1980年一个具有代表性的美国大都市区, 并利用 Chetty 和 Hendren (2018b) 关于邻里暴露效应的微观估计来约束该溢出效应。随后, 我们考察经济对一次意外技能溢价冲击的反应, 并表明隔离在放大不平等的上升方面发挥了重要作用。
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the United States has experienced both an increase in income inequality and a rise in residential segregation by income. We develop a general equilibrium model with residential choice, where segregation and inequality amplify each other because of a local spillover affecting educational returns. We calibrate the model to a representative US metro in 1980 and use the micro estimates of neighborhood exposure effects in Chetty and Hendren (2018b) to discipline the spillover. We then explore the economy’s response to an unexpected skill premium shock and show that segregation played a significant role in amplifying the increase in inequality.