从公共实验室到私人企业: 本地研发溢出的量级与渠道
From Public Labs to Private Firms: Magnitude And Channels of Local R&D Spillovers
Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Antonin Bergeaud", "affiliation": ["Economic Policy Institute", "Centre for Economic Policy Research"]}, {"name": "Arthur Guillouzouic", "affiliation": ["Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST)", "Paris School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Emeric Henry", "affiliation": ["Economic Policy Institute", "Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris", "Centre for Economic Policy Research"]}, {"name": "Clément Malgouyres", "affiliation": ["Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST)", "Paris School of Economics"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 本文引入一种衡量私营企业与公共研究团队之间科学邻近性的新指标，并利用法国一项数十亿欧元的学术集群融资计划，提供了学术研究向私营部门企业产生本地溢出的因果证据。我们的主要估计表明，通过该计划每在学术研究上投入1欧元，会额外带动0.81欧元的私人研发支出。我们还表明，这一冲击提高了专利的平均质量。我们利用受资助集群产出的报告，并结合企业创立、劳动力流动以及公私研发合作伙伴关系的数据，为这些溢出效应的传导渠道提供了证据。我们讨论了资助学术研究以刺激私人研发的政策含义。
Abstract
Abstract Introducing a new measure of scientific proximity between private firms and public research groups and exploiting a multibillion-euro financing program of academic clusters in France, we provide causal evidence of local spillovers from academic research to firms in the private sector. Our main estimate suggests that each €1 spent in academic research through this program spurred an additional €0.81 in private R&D expenditures. We also show that this shock increased the average quality of patents. We exploit reports produced by funded clusters, complemented by data on firm creation, labor mobility, and R&D public–private partnerships, to provide evidence on the channels for these spillovers. We discuss the policy implications of funding academic research to stimulate private R&D.