温度对生产率与劳动供给的影响：来自印度制造业的证据

中文摘要

在发展中国家，较热的年份与较低的经济产出相关联。我们表明，温度对劳动的影响是解释这一现象的重要组成部分。利用印度选定企业的微观数据，我们估计出炎热天气会导致工人生产率下降以及缺勤率上升。气候控制显著缓解了生产率损失。在印度工厂的全国面板数据中，工厂的年产出每摄氏度下降约2%。这一反应似乎是由劳动的产出弹性下降所驱动的。我们的估计值足够大，可以解释先前在跨国面板中观察到的产出损失。

Abstract

Hotter years are associated with lower economic output in developing countries. We show that the effect of temperature on labor is an important part of the explanation. Using microdata from selected firms in India, we estimate reduced worker productivity and increased absenteeism on hot days. Climate control significantly mitigates productivity losses. In a national panel of Indian factories, annual plant output falls by about 2% per degree Celsius. This response appears to be driven by a reduction in the output elasticity of labor. Our estimates are large enough to explain previously observed output losses in cross-country panels.