American Economic Review · 2021 · Rustamdjan Hakimov、C.-Philipp Heller、Dorothea F. Kübler、Morimitsu Kurino
中文摘要
分配预约时段被提出作为市场设计的一项新应用。公共机构通常使用在线预约系统来分配签证面试、驾照、护照换发等的预约。我们记录了在世界许多地区已经出现了预约黑市。黄牛预约免费提供的时段，再将时段出售给需要预约的人。我们对现有的先到先得预约系统进行建模，并提出一种替代的批次系统。批次系统在一定时期内收集时段申请，然后随机将时段分配给申请者。理论预测并经实验室实验证实，在需求足够高的情况下，黄牛在现行系统下能够有利可图地预约并出售时段，但在所提出的批次系统中并不活跃。我们讨论了实施批次系统的实际问题及其对存在黄牛现象的其他市场的适用性。(JEL C92, D47)
Abstract
Allocating appointment slots is presented as a new application for market design. Online booking systems are commonly used by public authorities to allocate appointments for visa interviews, driver’s licenses, passport renewals, etc. We document that black markets for appointments have developed in many parts of the world. Scalpers book the appointments that are offered for free and sell the slots to appointment seekers. We model the existing first-come-first-served booking system and propose an alternative batch system. The batch system collects applications for slots over a certain time period and then randomly allocates slots to applicants. The theory predicts and lab experiments confirm that scalpers profitably book and sell slots under the current system with sufficiently high demand, but that they are not active in the proposed batch system. We discuss practical issues for the implementation of the batch system and its applicability to other markets with scalping. (JEL C92, D47)