Journal of Political Economy · 2020 · Stephan Heblich、Alex William Trew、Yanos Zylberberg
中文摘要
为什么曾以工业为主的城市东区更加贫困？为回答这一问题，我们使用个体层面的人口普查数据，并根据5,000个工业烟囱的位置和大气模型构建了历史污染模式。我们表明，这一现象源于工业革命时期开始的路径依赖型邻里分选，当时盛行风将污染吹向东部。尽管煤炭污染在20世纪70年代已经停止，过去的污染仍能解释2011年观察到的邻里隔离的高达20%。我们构建了一个量化模型，以识别邻里效应和迁移刚性在这种持续性背后的作用。
Abstract
Why are the east sides of formerly industrial cities more deprived? To answer this question, we use individual-level census data and create historical pollution patterns derived from the locations of 5,000 industrial chimneys and an atmospheric model. We show that this observation results from path-dependent neighborhood sorting that began during the Industrial Revolution, as prevailing winds blew pollution eastward. Past pollution explains up to 20% of observed neighborhood segregation in 2011, even though coal pollution stopped in the 1970s. We develop a quantitative model to identify the role of neighborhood effects and relocation rigidities underlying this persistence.