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人力资本投资与对职业及家庭的预期

Human Capital Investments and Expectations about Career and Family
Journal of Political Economy · 2020 · Matthew Wiswall、Basit Zafar

中文摘要

我们对高能力大学生开展了一项调查,并引出他们关于专业选择及是否完成学位将如何影响一系列未来事件的信念:收入、就业、婚姻前景、潜在配偶特征及生育。我们发现,学生感知到人力资本的巨大“回报”,这不仅体现在自身未来收入上,也体现在其他维度(如潜在配偶收入与生育)。我们发现证据表明,学生会基于这些预期回报分流进入不同专业。家庭预期对女性学生的专业选择尤为重要。在初始数据收集6年后开展的一项后续调查中,我们发现预期与当前实现情况之间存在紧密联系。

Abstract

We conducted a survey of high-ability college students and elicited beliefs about how their choice of major, and of whether to complete their degree, would affect an array of future events: earnings, employment, marriage prospects, potential spousal characteristics, and fertility. We find that students perceive large “returns” to human capital not only in their own future earnings but also in other dimensions (e.g., potential spouse’s earnings and fertility). We find evidence of students sorting into majors on the basis of these perceived returns. Family expectations are particularly important for female students’ major choices. In a follow-up survey conducted 6 years after the initial data collection, we find a close connection between expectations and current realizations.
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