当护士跨地域工作：护士劳动供给对峰值需求的响应

中文摘要

我们研究市场如何利用临时工来应对异常的需求冲击。当COVID-19激增时，医院需要额外的护士——尤其是在与COVID-19护理相关的专科中。通过比较新冠相关专科和其他专科的市场，我们表明旅行护士市场急剧扩张，并且我们估计了跨空间的旅行护士劳动供给。供给相当富有弹性，因为劳动者可以选择前往需要他们的地方。当报酬增加时，劳动者会为临时工作出行更远的距离，这表明一体化的全国市场在需求激增时促进了再配置。然而，当全国病例达到峰值时，出行距离对当地需求的响应度较低。

Abstract

Abstract We study how a market uses temporary workers to accommodate extraordinary demand shocks. When COVID-19 surges, hospitals need additional nurses—especially in specialties central to COVID-19 care. By comparing markets for COVID-relevant and other specialties, we show that the market for travel nurses expands dramatically, and we estimate travel nurse labor supply across space. Supply is quite elastic, as workers can choose to travel where they are needed. Workers travel longer distances to temporary jobs when payment increases, suggesting that an integrated national market facilitates reallocation when demand spikes. But when national cases peak, travel distance is less responsive to local demand.