国际服务贸易协定的经济结构

中文摘要

现有的国际贸易协定经济学文献主要关注涵盖货物贸易的关税协定，并解释了《关税与贸易总协定》（GATT）的核心特征。然而，关税在服务市场中几乎不起作用，且现有文献无法解释诸如世界贸易组织《服务贸易总协定》（GATS）等协定中截然不同的贸易自由化路径。我们构建了一个模型，通过该模型可以理解GATS的关键特征，包括其对“深度一体化”的强调。并且我们利用该模型提出，在GATS的深度一体化路径与GATT传统的“浅度一体化”路径之间，服务贸易自由化可能还存在一个中间地带。

Abstract

The existing economics literature on international trade agreements focuses on tariff agreements covering trade in goods and explains core features of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Tariffs play almost no role in services markets, however, and the literature cannot account for the strikingly different approach to trade liberalization in agreements such as the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). We develop a model through which key features of GATS, including its emphasis on “deep integration” can be understood. And we use this model to suggest that there may also be a middle ground for services trade liberalization between the GATS deep-integration approach and the traditional “shallow-integration” approach of GATT.