中文摘要
我们估计了各位警官实施种族歧视的程度。利用聚束估计设计以及来自佛罗里达州公路巡逻队的数据，我们表明少数族裔比白人司机更不可能在超速罚单上获得折扣。将该差异分解到警官个人层面，我们估计42%的警官实施了歧视。随后，我们将警官层面的歧视度量应用于文献中各种与政策相关的问题。特别地，依据警官的宽严程度在各地之间重新调配警官，可以有效降低处理上的总体差异（JEL H76, J15, K42）。
Abstract
We estimate the degree to which individual police officers practice racial discrimination. Using a bunching estimation design and data from the Florida Highway Patrol, we show that minorities are less likely to receive a discount on their speeding tickets than White drivers. Disaggregating this difference to the individual police officer, we estimate that 42 percent of officers practice discrimination. We then apply our officer- level discrimination measures to various policy-relevant questions in the literature. In particular, reassigning officers across locations based on their lenience can effectively reduce the aggregate disparity in treatment (JEL H76, J15, K42)