权利的传递：有效合作、性别间接触与学生学业成就
Transmitting Rights: Effective Cooperation, Inter-gender Contact, and Student Achievement
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · Sultan Mehmood、Shaheen Naseer、Daniel L. Chen
中文摘要
本文提供了巴基斯坦教师向学生传递性别态度的实验证据。我们随机向教师展示一则支持妇女权利的视觉叙事材料。处理组教师及其学生对妇女权利的支持程度、在性别内隐联想测验（IAT）中的无偏程度，以及向议会请愿以促进性别平等的意愿均有所提高。学生与异性之间的协调与合作能力得到改善。当教师教授性别权利课程时，这些效应更大。对于被分配组成混合性别学习小组且接受强化项目（视觉叙事和课程）的班级，数学成绩有所提高，而在同性别学习小组中未出现这一效应。性别态度可以传递，合作能够改善学生学业成果。(JEL I21, I28, J16, K38, O15)
Abstract
We provide experimental evidence of teacher-to-student transmission of gender attitudes in Pakistan. We randomly show teachers a pro-women’s rights visual narrative. Treated teachers increase their and students’ support for women’s rights, unbiasedness in gender implicit association tests (IATs), and willingness to petition parliament for greater gender equality. Students improve coordination and cooperation with the opposite gender. Effects are larger when teachers teach a gender-rights curriculum. Mathematics achievement increases for classrooms assigned to form mixed-gender study groups treated with an intense program (visual narrative and curriculum), while absent in same-sex study groups. Gender attitudes are transmissible and cooperation improves student outcomes. (JEL I21, I28, J16, K38, O15)