同伴性别的长期效应对职业排序和工资差距的影响
The Long-Run Effects of Peer Gender on Occupational Sorting and the Wage Gap
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Demid Getik", "affiliation": ["Committee for Economic Development"]}, {"name": "Armando N. Meier", "affiliation": ["University of Basel"]}]
中文摘要
我们研究早期性别环境对劳动力市场不平等的影响。为此, 我们将小学数据与职业和收入相链接。我们发现, 在关键年龄接触到更多女孩的女性日后收入更高: 女孩占比每增加10%, 会使性别工资差距缩小2.7%。我们进一步探讨了机制, 发现女性明显更多地选择进入较少性别刻板印象的教育轨道和职业, 从而获得更高收入。因此, 早期的性别环境会导致职业轨迹与收入的持久变化。(JEL I24, I26, J16, J24, J31)
Abstract
We study the impact of the early gender environment on inequality in the labor market. To this end, we link primary school data to occupations and earnings. We find that women exposed to more girls at critical ages earn more later on: A 10 percent increase in the share of girls leads to a gender wage gap reduction of 2.7 percent. We explore mechanisms and find a strong selection of women into less gender-stereotypical educational tracks and occupations, leading to higher earnings. The gender environment at an early age, therefore, leads to persistent changes in career trajectories and earnings. (JEL I24, I26, J16, J24, J31)