Journal of the European Economic Association · 2026 · Teodora Borota、Fabrice Defever A、Giammario Impullitti、Adam Spencer
中文摘要
在通过贸易紧密整合的经济体中，创新政策国际合作的范围是什么？我们通过构建一个包含通过外商直接投资（FDI）进行内生技术扩散的两地区创新驱动增长模型来回答这一问题。我们使用该模型分析欧盟的研发补贴合作，欧盟拥有共同的贸易和货币政策，但协调的创新政策仍处于起步阶段。西方（老成员国）与东方（新成员国）之间创新能力的巨大差异塑造了最优政策。西方国家具有更高的研发效率，并通过FDI驱动的技术转移作为知识溢出的主要来源。合作由两个因素驱动：纠正补贴竞争扭曲的战略动机，以及利用维持增长的跨期知识溢出。协调政策涉及对西方的大量补贴和对东方的征税，反映了西方优越的研发效率及其作为知识溢出关键来源的角色。两个地区均获得了福利收益，主要源于内部化跨境溢出。我们发现创新补贴与FDI补贴之间存在强互补性，表明共同支持知识创造和扩散比孤立实施各项政策产生更大的收益。
Abstract
Abstract What is the scope for international cooperation in innovation policy in economies closely integrated via trade? We address this question by building a two-region innovation-driven growth model with endogenous technology diffusion via foreign direct investment (FDI). We use the model to analyse R&D subsidy cooperation in the EU, which has a common trade and monetary policy but where a coordinated innovation policy is still in its infancy. Stark differences in innovation capabilities between the West (old member states) and the East (new member states) shape optimal policies. Western countries have higher R&D efficiency and serve as primary sources of knowledge spillovers, through FDI-driven technology transfer. Cooperation is driven by two factors: correcting distortions from subsidy competition, the strategic motive, and leveraging intertemporal knowledge spillovers that sustain growth. A coordinated policy involves substantial subsidies for the West and taxes for the East, reflecting the West’s superior R&D efficiency and role as a key source of knowledge spillovers. Both regions experience welfare gains, primarily by internalising cross-border spillovers. We find strong complementarity between innovation and FDI subsidies, showing that jointly supporting knowledge creation and diffusion yields greater benefits than implementing each policy in isolation.