不平等通过贸易的国际传导
International Transmission of Inequality through Trade
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Sergey Nigai", "affiliation": ["University of Colorado Boulder"]}]
中文摘要
我考察收入不平等通过贸易进行的国际传导。利用企业层面和总量数据, 我发现向更不平等的国家出口会加剧国内不平等。为解释这一发现, 我构建了一个国际消费者定向模型, 其中企业在每个市场服务于特定的消费者群体。出口市场的不平等塑造了企业利润的分布, 进而塑造了与这些企业相关联的个人的收入, 从而扩大国内不平等。校准模型表明, 国际不平等传导分别解释了所观察到的基尼系数水平和前 1% 收入份额水平的 4.4% 和 4.8%。(JEL D22, D31, D63, F14, F63)
Abstract
I examine the international transmission of income inequality through trade. Using firm-level and aggregate data, I find that exporting to more unequal countries increases domestic inequality. I rationalize this finding by developing a model of international consumer targeting in which firms serve specific consumer segments in each market. Inequality in export markets shapes the distribution of firms’ profits and, therefore, the incomes of individuals linked to them, widening domestic inequality. The calibrated model suggests that international inequality transmission explains 4.4 percent and 4.8 percent of the observed levels of Gini coefficients and income shares of the top 1 percent, respectively. (JEL D22, D31, D63, F14, F63)