重建时期的教育与长期黑人不平等
Reconstruction-Era Education and Long-Run Black-White Inequality
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Daniel B. Jones", "affiliation": ["University of Pittsburgh"]}, {"name": "Ethan Schmick", "affiliation": ["Marquette University"]}]
中文摘要
美国历史上的重建时期（约1866—1877年）见证了为新近获释者提供教育的广泛努力——而这些努力在重建结束后被部分削减。本文考察重建时期童年阶段接触教育机会对新近获释者人生后期结果的影响。利用黑人学校教师数量的数据以及一份关联的人口普查样本，我们发现，在重建时期接触到更多教育机会的黑人儿童，成年后的职业地位有所提高。他们的儿子也获得了改善，这表明，重建时期的教育努力若得以持续，本会影响到二十世纪的黑人与白人差距。（JEL I21, I26, J13, J15, N31）
Abstract
The Reconstruction era of American history (c. 1866–1877) saw widespread efforts to educate recently freed people—efforts that were partially curtailed after Reconstruction. This paper examines the impact of childhood exposure to educational opportunity during Reconstruction on later-life outcomes for recently freed people. Using data on the number of teachers in Black schools and a linked census sample, we find that Black children exposed to greater educational opportunity during Reconstruction had improved occupational standing as adults. Their sons also experienced gains, suggesting that Reconstruction-era educational efforts, had they persisted, would have impacted Black-White gaps into the twentieth century. (JEL I21, I26, J13, J15, N31)