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解释美国学校隔离的近期趋势

Explaining Recent Trends in US School Segregation
Journal of Labor Economics · 2022 · Gregorio Caetano、Vikram Maheshri

中文摘要

从 2002 年到 2018 年,美国少数族裔隔离的公立学校比例大约翻了一番,但白人隔离学校的比例以更快的速度下降。由于社会乘数效应,父母依据学校的种族构成来选择学校所推动的内生隔离,原则上可能随时间推移使其他所有隔离决定因素相形见绌。然而,我们发现,西班牙裔移民带来的人口结构变化一直是这些趋势的最大驱动因素。这些发现在城市地区尤为明显,这些地区经历了最大的隔离变化,也是政策制定者最为关注隔离有害影响的地区。

Abstract

From 2002 to 2018, the fraction of minority-segregated public schools in the United States roughly doubled, but the fraction of White-segregated schools decreased at an even faster rate. Endogenous segregation fueled by parents choosing schools on the basis of their racial compositions can in principle dwarf all other determinants of segregation over time because of social multiplier effects. However, we find that demographic change from Hispanic immigration has been the biggest driver of these trends. These findings are particularly pronounced in urban areas, which experienced the largest changes in segregation and are where policy makers are most concerned about the pernicious effects of segregation.
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