选举权、警务与种族：来自逮捕数据和《选举权法》的证据
The Franchise, Policing, and Race: Evidence from Arrests Data and the Voting Rights Act
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Giovanni Facchini", "affiliation": ["University of Nottingham"]}, {"name": "Brian Knight", "affiliation": ["John Brown University"]}, {"name": "Cecilia Testa", "affiliation": ["University of Nottingham"]}]
中文摘要
本文研究选举权与警务之间的关系。我们发现, 在1965年《投票权法》通过后, 与未被该法覆盖的相似南方县相比, 那些既有更多新获选举权黑人、又被该立法覆盖的县, 黑人逮捕率下降。我们未发现白人逮捕存在相应模式。上述结果主要由治安官 (其职位始终经选举产生) 实施的逮捕以及较轻微违法行为的逮捕所驱动。这些结果表明, 当投票权与选举问责相结合时, 会促使警察改善对少数族裔群体的对待。(JEL D72, J15, K16, K42, N32, N42)
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between the franchise and policing. We find that, following the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Black arrest rates in counties that both had more newly enfranchised Blacks and were covered by the legislation fell, compared to similar Southern counties that were not covered. We document no corresponding patterns for White arrests. Our results are driven by arrests by sheriffs, who are always elected, and by less serious offenses. These results indicate that voting rights, when combined with electoral accountability, lead to improved treatment of minority groups by police. (JEL D72, J15, K16, K42, N32, N42)