The Abolition of Immigration Restrictions and the Performance of Firms and Workers: Evidence from Switzerland
American Economic Review · 2021 · Andreas Beerli、Jan Ruffner、Michael Siegenthaler、Giovanni Peri
中文摘要
我们研究了一项改革，该改革赋予欧洲跨境劳动者自由进入瑞士劳动力市场的权利，且对靠近边境的地区产生了更强的效应。跨境劳动者供给的增加大幅提升了外籍就业。尽管许多跨境劳动者受教育程度较高，但高技能本土劳动者的工资却上升了。原因在于劳动力需求同时增加：该改革扩大了技能密集型在位企业的规模、生产率和创新表现，并吸引了新企业进入，为本土劳动者创造了从事管理类工作的机会。这些效应主要由改革前报告存在技能短缺的企业所驱动。（JEL J15, J23, J24, J31, J61, K37）
Abstract
We study a reform that granted European cross-border workers free access to the Swiss labor market and had a stronger effect on regions close to the border. The greater availability of cross-border workers increased foreign employment substantially. Although many cross-border workers were highly educated, wages of highly educated natives increased. The reason is a simultaneous increase in labor demand: the reform increased the size, productivity, and innovation performance of skill-intensive incumbent firms and attracted new firms, creating opportunities for natives to pursue managerial jobs. These effects are mainly driven by firms that reported skill shortages before the reform. (JEL J15, J23, J24, J31, J61, K37)