所得税与高收入者的居住流动性：来自瑞士英美家庭的证据
Income Tax and the Residential Mobility of Top Income Earners: Evidence from US and UK Households in Switzerland
The Economic Journal · 2025 · [{"name": "Marko Koethenbuerger", "affiliation": ["ETH Zurich"]}, {"name": "Costanza Naguib", "affiliation": ["University of Bern"]}, {"name": "Christian Stettler", "affiliation": ["ETH Zurich"]}, {"name": "Michael Stimmelmayr", "affiliation": ["University of Bath"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 本文利用英国与美国家庭在税收待遇上的差异，为居住在瑞士的外国高收入家庭由所得税诱发的居住流动性提供了准实验证据。尽管这两个群体在非税收的选址（分选）偏好方面相似，但由于美国实行全球所得税制度，美国家庭实际上不受瑞士所得税的影响。因此，美国家庭构成了处理组——英国家庭——的对照组。通过比较两个群体在苏黎世四十五分钟通勤圈内的居住选择，我们稳健地发现，居住地点相对于税后留存率（net-of-tax rate）的弹性约为8。该估计捕捉的是所得税对居住选择的'纯粹'影响，未因非税收的区位激励（其与所得税正相关）、以及诸如工作选择与居住选择之间的协调成本而产生向下偏误。
Abstract
Abstract We provide quasi-experimental evidence on the income tax-induced residential mobility of foreign high-income households living in Switzerland by exploiting the differential tax treatment of UK and US households. While the two groups are similar in terms of non-tax sorting preferences, US households are effectively insulated from Swiss income taxation due to the US worldwide income tax system. Thus, they provide the control group for the UK households, our treatment group. Comparing the residential choices of the two groups within a forty-five-minutes commuting zone of Zurich, we robustly find a residential location elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate of around eight. This estimate captures the ‘pure’ income tax effect on residential choice, not being downward biased by non-tax location incentives (that positively correlate with income taxes) and, for instance, by coordination costs between job and residential choices.