中文摘要
本文利用来自160个国家的劳动力调查数据，构建了一个新的微观数据库，其截面工作时间数据覆盖全球97%的人口。我们还构建了86个国家跨度超过20年的时间序列。成年人人均工作时间随人均GDP略有下降，但总体上与发展水平相关性较弱。年轻群体（15–19岁）和老年群体（60岁及以上）的工作时间随发展水平下降，这完全由入学率上升和公共养老金覆盖扩大所驱动。壮年成年人（20–59岁）的工作时间随发展水平保持稳定，但经历了显著的性别重新洗牌：在许多国家，男性工人人均工作时间的下降恰好被女性劳动参与率的上升所完全抵消。各国之间，劳动所得税与工作时间呈强烈负相关。在控制社会支出后，这一相关性减弱；进一步控制工作时间法规后则消失。社会支出和工作时间法规均与较低的工作时间相关。
Abstract
Abstract This article uses labor force surveys from 160 countries to build a new microdatabase on hours worked covering 97% of the world population in cross section. We also construct time series spanning over 20 years in 86 countries. Hours worked per adult slightly decline with GDP per capita but are weakly correlated with development overall. Hours worked by the young (aged 15–19) and elderly (aged 60+) fall with development, driven entirely by growing school attendance and public pension coverage. Hours worked among prime-age adults (aged 20–59) are stable with development but undergo a great gender reshuffling: falling hours per male worker have been exactly offset by increases in female labor force participation in many countries. Labor income taxes are strongly negatively related to hours worked across countries. This correlation is attenuated when controlling for social spending and disappears when further controlling for working hours regulations. Both social spending and working hours regulations are associated with lower hours worked.