中文摘要
本文研究中国家庭联产承包责任制(HRS)改革的长期健康与经济后果。该改革是一项产权改革,将集体所有的农地分配给个体家庭,并赋予其有保障的承包期,同时提高了农村人口的劳动生产率。利用改革时间与推进速度的地区差异,我提供的证据表明,生命早期接触 HRS 改善了个体晚年的健康、教育与劳动力市场结果。然而,在关键就学年龄接触 HRS 却减少了儿童的人力资本投资,使他们更不可能接受教育,更可能留在农业部门。
Abstract
This paper studies the long-term health and economic consequences of China’s Household Responsibility System (HRS) reform—a property reform that assigned collectively owned farmland to individual households with secure tenures and boosted labor productivity among rural populations. Using regional variation in reform timing and pace, I provide evidence that early-life exposure to HRS improved individuals’ later-life health, education, and labor market outcomes. However, exposure to HRS at critical school ages reduced human capital investment in children, making them less likely to receive education and more likely to remain in agriculture.