AER: Insights · 2022 · Pierre Azoulay、Benjamin F. Jones、J. Daniel Kim、Javier Miranda
中文摘要
移民可以扩大劳动供给,并与本土出生的工人竞争工作岗位。但移民也可能创办新企业,从而扩大劳动需求。本文利用美国行政数据及其他数据来源,研究移民在创业中的作用。我们探究移民创办公司的频率、这些公司创造了多少就业岗位,以及它们与本土出生者创办的公司相比表现如何。一个简单的模型为刻画移民作为创始人和工人的双重角色提供了测量框架。研究结果表明,移民更多扮演"就业创造者"而非"就业抢占者"的角色,并在美国的高增长创业中发挥着超乎寻常的作用。(JEL J15, J22, J23, J61, L26, M13)
Abstract
Immigrants can expand labor supply and compete for jobs with native-born workers. But immigrants may also start new firms, expanding labor demand. This paper uses US administrative data and other data sources to study the role of immigrants in entrepreneurship. We ask how often immigrants start companies, how many jobs these firms create, and how firms founded by native-born individuals compare. A simple model provides a measurement framework for addressing the dual roles of immigrants as founders and workers. The findings suggest that immigrants act more as “job creators” than “job takers” and play outsized roles in US high-growth entrepreneurship. (JEL J15, J22, J23, J61, L26, M13)