打开大门：美国的移民合法化与家庭团聚
Opening the Door: Immigrant Legalization and Family Reunification in the United States
Journal of Labor Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Elizabeth Cascio", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Ethan Lewis", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
为无证移民打开获得美国公民身份的大门，是否会导致失控的"链式移民"？我们利用1986年《移民改革与控制法案》（IRCA）合法化项目所带来的差异来回答这一问题。借助 IRCA 的出台以及各大都市区在项目强度上的差异，我们估计，截至2019年，每一名经 IRCA 合法化的墨西哥人总共促成了随后一名亲属的移民与合法准入。大多数被担保的亲属为直系亲属，且成年亲属的担保率与失控的链式移民并不相符。利用跨国差异得到的估计在实质上相似，并表明对扩展家庭团聚的需求有限。
Abstract
Does opening the door to US citizenship for unauthorized immigrants cause out-of-control “chain migration”? We address this question using variation from the legalization programs of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Exploiting IRCA’s introduction and differences across metropolitan areas in program intensity, we estimate that each IRCA-legalized Mexican was responsible for the subsequent immigration and legal admission of one relative, in total, through 2019. Most sponsored relatives were immediate family, and the adult sponsorship rate is inconsistent with out-of-control chain migration. Estimates using cross-country variation are substantively similar and suggest limited demand for reunification of extended families.