American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2022 · François Cohen、Antoine Dechezleprêtre
中文摘要
我们利用1998–2017年的日度数据考察气温对墨西哥死亡率的影响，发现墨西哥3.8%的死亡由非最适温度造成（每年26,000例）。然而，在天气相关死亡中，92%由寒冷（<12°C）或轻度寒冷（12–20°C）天气诱发，仅有2%由极端炎热天气（>32°C）造成。此外，气温导致收入分布下半部分人群死亡的可能性是上半部分的两倍。最后，我们给出因果证据表明，作为一项全民医保政策的Seguro Popular（大众医疗保险）自2004年以来每年从寒冷天气中至少挽救1,600条生命。(JEL I12, I13, I14, O13, O15, Q54)
Abstract
We examine the impact of temperature on mortality in Mexico using daily data over the period 1998–2017 and find that 3.8 percent of deaths in Mexico are caused by suboptimal temperature (26,000 every year). However, 92 percent of weather-related deaths are induced by cold (<12°C) or mildly cold ( 12–20°C) days and only 2 percent by outstandingly hot days (>32°C). Furthermore, temperatures are twice as likely to kill people in the bottom half of the income distribution. Finally, we show causal evidence that the Seguro Popular, a universal health care policy, has saved at least 1,600 lives per year from cold weather since 2004. (JEL I12, I13, I14, O13, O15, Q54)