Journal of Public Economics · 2021 · Roland Hodler、Michele Valsecchi、Alberto Vesperoni
中文摘要
我们对族群地理——即族群在空间上的分布——如何塑造比较性的经济、政治与社会发展知之甚少。为了取得进展并利用日益丰富的空间显性数据，我们需要能够概括族群地理关键方面的指数。我们开发并公理化了一个新的族群隔离指数，该指数同时考虑个体之间的族群距离与空间距离。我们可以将该指数分解为广义族群分化指数、空间离散指数，以及空间距离与族群距离的一致程度指数。在应用部分，我们基于民族志地图或地理参照调查数据，计算了不同国家层面的隔离指数及其组成部分。令人欣慰的是，隔离指数的不同版本之间高度相关。我们探讨了这些指数与以下因素的关系：(i) 现有的族群隔离与多样性测度；(ii) 气候与地理因素；(iii) 政府质量、经济发展与信任。
Abstract
We know little about how ethnic geography, i.e., the distribution of ethnic groups across space, shapes comparative economic, political and social development. To make progress and to harness the growing availability of spatially explicit data, we need indices summarizing key aspects of ethnic geography. We develop and axiomatize a novel index of ethnic segregation that takes both ethnic and spatial distances between individuals into account. We can decompose this index into indices of generalized ethnic fractionalization, spatial dispersion, and the alignment of spatial and ethnic distances. For our application, we compute different country-level versions of the segregation index and its components based on either ethnographic maps or geo-referenced survey data. Reassuringly, the different versions of the segregation index are highly correlated. We explore the relation of our indices to (i) existing measures of ethnic segregation and diversity; (ii) climatic and geographical factors; and (iii) the quality of government, economic development, and trust.