中文摘要
过去四十年间，大规模枪击事件已在美国造成至少1,000人死亡、1,500人受伤，但这些悲剧如何影响直接受害者之外的人群，人们知之甚少。本研究利用盖洛普-Healthways调查的全国代表性数据，评估大规模枪击事件对个人社区福祉和情绪福祉的溢出效应。利用2008年至2016年间各县大规模枪击事件发生时间的差异，我们发现此类事件会降低社区福祉和情绪福祉，且该影响在枪击事件发生后至少持续三个月。大规模枪击事件具有高昂的社会成本，并产生了超出直接受影响人群范围的不利影响。
Abstract
<h3>Abstract</h3> Over the past four decades, mass shootings have caused at least 1,000 deaths and 1,500 injuries in the US, but little is known about how these tragedies influence people beyond those directly affected. This study uses nationally representative data from the Gallup-Healthways survey to assess spillover effects of mass shootings on individuals’ community and emotional wellbeing. Leveraging differences in the timing of mass shootings across counties between 2008-2016, we find that these incidents reduce community and emotional wellbeing for at least three months post-shooting. Mass shootings have high societal costs and create adverse effects that extend beyond those immediately exposed.