中文摘要
课堂中感知到的同辈歧视会降低学业表现。在中国城市农村流动人口的背景下, 我们发现, 本地同学报告的针对流动人口的歧视越严重, 流动学生的考试成绩就越低。我们的实证策略依赖于在同一学校内随机分配的班级之间, 分离出本地人对农村流动人口歧视态度的外生变异。我们使用本地学生在初中第一年是否在校外结交过流动人口朋友, 作为课堂歧视的工具变量。感知歧视的负向效应在父母受教育程度较低、能力较低和自信心较低的流动学生中最大。
Abstract
Perceived peer discrimination in the classroom reduces school performance. Considering the context of rural migrants in urban China, we find that migrant students' test scores are lower when local classmates report more antimigrant discrimination. Our empirical strategy relies on isolating exogenous variation in locals' discriminatory attitudes toward rural migrants across randomly assigned classrooms in the same school. We use whether locals had migrant friends outside school in their first year of middle school to instrument for discrimination in the classroom. The negative effects of perceived discrimination are largest for migrant students with less-educated parents, lower ability, and lower self-confidence.