Journal of Economic Literature · 2022 · Joseph E. Aldy、Maximilian Auffhammer、Maureen Cropper、Arthur G. Fraas、Richard D. Morgenstern
中文摘要
我们对联邦空气质量法规的回顾性分析进行了综合与评述，以考察《清洁空气法》(CAA) 对自 1970 年以来空气质量大幅改善的贡献。严格程度的地理异质性影响排放、公共健康、合规成本与就业。总量控制与交易相比传统指令以更低成本实现了更大的减排，但仍未达到教科书式的理想状态。市场势力也影响了 CAA 的收益与成本。事后识别出了新的收益类别，但具体的技术要求尚未得到严格评估。对 CAA 总收益与总成本的比较超出目前的研究能力。(JEL D61, K32, Q51, Q53, Q58)
Abstract
We synthesize and review retrospective analyses of federal air quality regulations to examine the contributions of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to the vast air quality improvements seen since 1970. Geographic heterogeneity in stringency affects emissions, public health, compliance costs, and employment. Cap-and-trade has delivered greater emission reductions at lower cost than conventional mandates, yet has fallen short of textbook ideals. Market power also influenced the CAA’s benefits and costs. New benefit categories have been identified ex post, but specific technology requirements have not yet been rigorously evaluated. Comparisons of aggregate benefits and costs of the CAA are beyond present capabilities. (JEL D61, K32, Q51, Q53, Q58)