We examine how transportation influences agricultural technology adoption and structural transformation. Our empirical findings show that better transportation network reducing non-labor input prices, promoting less labor-intensive technologies, which in turn enhancing productivity and supporting structural transformation. Our model reveals that improved transportation alone accounts for 3.3 percentage points reduction in India's agricultural employment share, representing 24% of the observed decline. The model also highlights mechanism complementarity that lowering fixed adoption costs amplifies the effect of reduced non-labor costs, further promotes modern technology adoption. The counterfactual analysis indicates that eliminating farmers' ability to select technology types decreases structural transformation by 67%.