中文摘要
本文利用一种关于新型工作——即采用新知识、新技能与新技术的工作——的新度量,该度量基于新职位名称随时间的出现,以考察贸易引致的重构在广延边际上的重要性。我发现,进口竞争显著提高了美国制造业对新型工作的采用。由离岸外包所促进的重构过程,对就业构成向非生产活动的转变具有重要的解释力。这些调整在地方劳动力市场层面通过供应链联系被放大,对当地服务业产生正溢出效应。最后,我表明新型工作是贸易冲击提高地方工资不平等的一个关键机制。
Abstract
This paper examines the importance of trade-induced restructuring at the extensive margin, using a novel measure of new work---jobs employing new knowledge, skills, and technologies---based on the emergence of new job titles over time. I show that import competition significantly increases the adoption of new work in US manufacturing industries. The restructuring process, facilitated by offshoring, importantly explains compositional shifts toward non-production activities. These adjustments, amplified through supply chain linkages at the local labor market level, generate positive spillovers to local service industries. Finally, I show that new work is a key mechanism through which trade shocks can increase local wage inequality.