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风险(自然)资产:随机性、非凸性与自然资本的价值

Risky (Natural) Assets: Stochasticity, Nonconvexity, and the Value of Natural Capital
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · 2026 · Joshua K. Abbott、Eli P. Fenichel、Seong Do Yun

中文摘要

对维持人类福祉与经济繁荣的自然资产进行估值,正重新受到关注。与许多可再生自然资产存量相关的科学常常强调风险、不确定性与临界点(非凸性)。然而,关于如何将资本动态中的风险或临界点纳入非市场资产估值,文献中几乎没有提供指导。我们扩展并展示了自然资本估值理论,涵盖具有凸性与非凸性漂移项的光滑随机性(扩散过程),以及"随机非凸性"——即存量面临内生崩溃风险的情形。我们阐明了风险影响资本估值的若干路径,并证明了在何种条件下具有凸性动态的扩散过程对影子价格的影响可以忽略不计。然而,我们发现在非凸性的情形下,风险会产生依赖于存量水平的大幅影响。我们的研究结果表明,将风险纳入自然资本估值的努力,应优先考虑可能出现非凸性资本动态的情形。

Abstract

There is renewed interest in valuing the natural assets that sustain human welfare and economic prosperity. The science associated with many renewable natural asset stocks often highlights risk, uncertainty, and tipping points (nonconvexities). However, there is little guidance in the literature concerning how to incorporate risk or tipping points within capital dynamics into the valuation of nonmarket assets. We extend and demonstrate the theory of natural capital valuation for smooth stochasticity (diffusions) with convex and nonconvex drift terms and for “stochastic nonconvexities,” whereby a stock is subject to endogenous risk of collapse. We highlight pathways for risk to influence capital valuations, demonstrating conditions where diffusions with convex dynamics have negligible effects on shadow prices. However, we find that risk has large stock-dependent effects in the context of nonconvexities. Our findings suggest that efforts to incorporate risk into natural capital valuation should prioritize settings where nonconvex capital dynamics are likely.
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